Automated 0-day Discovery in 2021 – Squashing the Low-Hanging Fruit

In past years, publicly available infrastructures such as Ghidra, AFL and Angr have put the “holy grail” of vulnerability research within our grasp: real-world automated 0-day identification, without any reliance on source code and with zero/minimal pre-configuration. After quickly presenting the INFRA:HALT vulnerabilities (affecting HCC embedded TCP/IP stack) and discussing exploitation techniques for the most critical ones from the batch, we will treat them as a case study to present a myriad of contemporary techniques for vulnerability detection by using binary firmware image static analysis. This will include data flow analysis, symbolic execution and standard library function detection through emulation.